Amazon Forests: The Green Lungs Of The Earth, Their Future And Protection
The rapid industrial development of the early 21st century is closely
linked to climate change, the biosphere, and ecosystems. The Amazon rainforest is
of great global importance due to its exceptional biodiversity, its vital role
as a carbon sink, and its contribution to climate regulation. However, over the
past 500 years, the Amazon has been suffering from the effects of anthropogenic
activities. Anthropogenic activities, such as land clearing for agriculture,
are causing the Amazon to shrink dramatically. Deforestation and climate change
may have brought the Amazon rainforest to a critical point of death, due to the
increase in the length of the dry season and the frequency of droughts.
Deforestation in general has a negative impact on people who depend on the
forest. Some of the plants distributed in the Amazon are used in both regional
and global trade, and are also important as an important source of food and
income for people. The conversion of rainforests to agriculture has caused a
17% reduction in the size of the Amazon forest, which extends almost as far as
the continental United States. The replacement of dense, humid forest cover
with dry grasslands and croplands has led to an increase in local temperatures
and a decrease in water evaporation in rainforests. In addition, selective
logging further reduces forest cover. It increases vulnerability to fires. The
distribution ranges of some plant species are completely changing. Brazil
contains 60% of the Amazon basin within its borders, of which approximately
4100000 km2 was covered by forest in 1970. The area of forest cover
decreased to 3323000 km2 by 2016, which is approximately
81% of the area covered by forest in 1970.
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