Hematologic
complications after renal transplantation are significant clinical issues that
can occur in both the early and late post-transplant periods and directly
affect patient prognosis. The most common of these complications include
anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia; and their etiology involves surgical
blood loss, graft dysfunction, immunosuppressive medications, infections, and
nutritional deficiencies. Additionally, more specific conditions such as
post-transplant erythrocytosis, post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease,
and thrombotic microangiopathy may also be observed. Management focuses on
addressing the underlying cause and includes modification of immunosuppression,
treatment of infections, and targeted therapies when necessary. This section
discusses the pathogenesis, diagnostic approach, and current treatment
strategies for hematologic complications that develop after renal
transplantation.
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