Biosensors are devices designed to detect a specific
biological analyte, essentially converting a biological entity (e.g., protein,
DNA, RNA) into an electrical or optical signal for detection and analysis.
Binding with high-affinity biomolecules enables the precise and selective
detection of various analytes. This article provides a general introduction to
biosensors and biosensing technologies, offering a brief overview of key
developments in the field, the diversity of biomolecular sensing strategies,
and the expansion of nanotechnological approaches that are now available.
Biosensors are widely used today not only in biomedical diagnostics but also in
areas such as real-time monitoring of treatment and disease progression, environmental
monitoring, food control, drug discovery, forensic science, and biomedical
research. Recent studies suggest that biosensors or sensors based on biological
materials hold great promise for rapid and on-site analyte detection in various
fields.
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