Empowering Biosensors: The Surface Functionalization Strategies Of Metal Nanoparticles For Enhanced Diagnostics
This
chapter delves into the critical role of metal nanoparticles (MNPs) in
biosensor applications, where their unique properties, including high surface
area-to-volume ratios, distinctive electronic and optical behaviors, and customizable
surfaces, have positioned them as valuable tools across healthcare,
environmental monitoring, and food safety diagnostics. The chapter
comprehensively explores both chemical and physical methods for surface
functionalization, highlighting how these techniques improve MNP stability,
reactivity, and biocompatibility. Specific chemical approaches, such as
thiol-metal chemistry, silane coupling, carbodiimide chemistry, and
maleimide-thiol interactions, enable the robust attachment of biomolecules to
nanoparticle surfaces. Physical methods like electrostatic forces, Van der
Waals interactions, and polymer coatings offer additional versatility. Advanced
techniques, including bioconjugation through the biotin-streptavidin system,
aptamer functionalization, and innovative approaches such as Layer-by-Layer
assembly and click chemistry, provide enhanced specificity and stability
essential for high-performance biosensors. The chapter also examines the
technical, regulatory, and scalability challenges that must be addressed to
broaden MNP-based biosensor applications, particularly in achieving consistent
results across varied environments. By addressing these challenges, MNP-based
biosensors have the potential to significantly enhance global public health, environmental
sustainability, and food safety.
Kitap Adı:
Handbook Of Biosensors Technology
Atıf Sayısı :
